Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Promotion and Price Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Promotion and Price Paper - Essay Example This paper will look at the promotional and pricing strategies employed GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Plc in the marketing Advair. Focusing on the promotional efforts of the company, this report will identify the general strategy utilized by GSK. Next, the more specific efforts will be examined including the choice of media, content, and the message which is being conveyed. This paper will also look at the life cycle stage of Advair and how GSK prices according to this factor. Lastly, the appropriateness of the promotional and pricing strategies to the marketing mix will be examined. GlaxoSmithKline Plc is engaged in the "creation, discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of pharmaceutical and consumer health related products worldwide" (GlaxoSmithKline Plc Profile 2007). In furthering its quest in becoming an innovator and pioneer in the world's pharmaceutical industry, GSK launched Advair, a combination of Serevent and Flitoxide which offers a long acting bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory in a single inhaler (GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2005) in 2001. With the company's aggressive and intensive promotion effort, Advair is currently recognized brand in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among the products in the portfolio of GSK, Advair generates the highest revenue and total profit. During 2005, Advair is GSK's bestseller, posting annual double-digit growth. In order to support this growth, GSK also allocates chunk of its budget in Advair promotional strategy. Being a relatively new market product in the market, Advair is launched and introduced through the use of different media like print ads, televisions, direct mail, internet, telemarketing, radio, and point of purchase. During the first 11 months of 2006, AC-Nielsen reports that GSK spent $120.5 million for Advair. This represents 16% of GSK's total promotional expenditures (Lopatto 2006). Advair Promotion The promotional strategy of GSK has gone a long way in introducing and enhancing the position of Advair in the global pharmaceutical industry. In 2005, Advair is ranked 7th in terms of global turnover. There has also been an increased used of the product since it was launched in the COPD market in January 2004 (Timmons 2005). Both in Europe and United States, Advair is becoming a number one alternative for the treatment of COPD. Thus, GSK is intensifying its effort in marketing Advair as a treatment for this disease. During May 14, 2005 the product is also approved for the treatment of asthma in children ages 4-11 (GlaxoSmithKline 2006). Advair capitalizes on the strength of GSK in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The promotional strategies of Advair, thus, centers on this core competence. As mentioned above, GSK's effort in the promotion of Advair has been both extensive and intensive, making use of almost all available channels. Advair is generally promoted as an essential component of COPD treatment and the most effective and convenient choice in asthma treatment. In order to simplify the analysis of the message and content of the advertisemen

Monday, October 28, 2019

Gibson Kente Essay Example for Free

Gibson Kente Essay Gibson Kente: Arguably the most popular playwright-director in South African Theatre history is â€Å"Bra Gib†, Gibson Kente. Born in 1932, Kente became the father of Black Theatre. He was a great patriot and founding father of Black Theatre in South ; an effective voice of the oppressed though the arts, he articulated the socio-economic imbalances created by the apartheid regime. Kente was not only an artist but also a vehicle for change. He conscientised the nation through music and theatre and gave a nation confidence in the midst of repression and brutality. Kente was largely unknown to the white theatre-going population of South Africa – however he produced 23 plays and many TV dramas from 1963-1992. Kente grew up in Duncan Village, a black village in the Eastern Cape. He was schooled at a Seventh-Day Adventist College in Butterworth. In 1956, he moved to Johannesburg and enrolled at the Jan Hofmeyer School of Social Work. He eventually abandoned his studies after he joined a black theatre group called the Union Artists. This is where he embarked on his career writing, producing and directing, where he created the unique genre referred to as the â€Å"township musical. Kente developed a style and pattern for his plays specifically to deal with the challenges and needs of his audiences. His plays were melodramas of township life, which were performed in an over-the-top, stylized manner using stock characters and a declamatory style of performance. His style of directing his actors to ‘overact’ was in order to compens ate for many of the townships venues which had poor acoustics. His use of music, movement, gesture, gimmicks, dance and acrobatics were directly related to his problem with township venues. These large halls were not complimentary to any type of method acting. The movements had to be unnaturalistic, the acting was vigorous and exaggerated well beyond reality, in order to have an impact on the eye and the ear. There was also a devaluing of dialogue – the dialogue is in English, however, most of it was inaudible because of audience noise and interaction, bad voice projection in the acoustically unsound halls, the musical band and unfamiliarity with words from the script. The audiences were not there to appreciate the subtlety of language through the use of puns or witticisms – they were there to be entertained through the stock characters antics – to recognize themselves on stage. Kente’s aim was to fill township venues and he did. The majority of his plays are stylistically similar: the acting style hardly varies, the story development is superficial, there is an absence of conflict other than the physical fights and the slanging matches between characters. The plots were simple – they were made up of occurrences which were happening in the townships and in daily township life. Ian Steadman writes in his article Alternative Politics, Alternative Performance: 1976 and Black South African Theatre that â€Å"while he [Kente] has been criticised by more radical Black Consciousness proponents for being a-political, Kentes theatre succeeds in creating social comment and criticism – sometimes by implication, at other times by direct proseltism† (1984: 219).

Saturday, October 26, 2019

machiavelli :: essays research papers fc

Philip Habib  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nov.1, 2003 Block D Machiavelli Bibliography James Burnham The Machiavellians : Defenders of Freedom Gateway Editions, Washington D.C., 1987   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A political theorist named James Burnham states that in order to be scientific, its method and goals must not be transcendentally based, and its outcome must be realistic. Dante de Monarchia and Machiavelli were considered two of the best political theorists in the time of the renaissance; however, they both had a different way in writing and stating their political theories. For Machiavelli’s way of writing consisted of stating the truth of what was going around, the reality and the exact description of politics, unlike Dante, who was using imagination in writing his political theories, and for that he was criticized by Machiavelli, where Machiavelli stated that a true political theorist should not be transcendentally based, and his methods, goals, and overall should be based on reality. One of Machiavelli’s was to unify Italy. He did not accomplish his goal, although he tried to in his writings, specifically in one of his books called â€Å"The Pr ince†. In this book, Machiavelli tried to call for a hero who could save Italy and unify it. But Italy, back then, was facing problems. Italy had to do a wise decision, whether to unify or to remain in the political structure it was in. If Italy remained in the same political structure then it would suffer from a huge economic and cultural loss, but if Italy decided to unify and become a whole country, then it would become the most important country in the modern world. Machiavelli was surely aware of the situation, and gave Italy his ideas for the unification, but Italy refused it. Later on, Italy regretted not accepting Machiavelli’s ideas, but by then it was too late, and Italy paid the consequences of being ignorant to a wise idea that could have changed history. Machiavelli’s writings were so important and wise during the renaissance. He was the first person who separated politics from ethics, as well as, science from ethics, considering that politics and sc ience are based on facts and reality. Machiavelli always had a way to look for the truth, and this influenced many people, and in fact, looking for the truth is moral that he taught to every person who knew him, not even personally. In conclusion, Machiavelli was considered the best political theorist during the renaissance times, as important as he is today, and his way of writing was way much better than Dante’s.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Colorism: Black People and Skin Color Essay

Growing up as a youth being in an interracial family, I always experienced prejudice whether it was inside my home or out on the street. My father was an African-American, his family was accepting but all could see that they praised the fact that my skin was 5-6 shades lighter than that of my other cousins. This of course caused unresolved issues, issues that couldn’t and wouldn’t be talked about among us as children, but later on became deep conversation filled with tears and understanding because we were finally able to get from under the stigma that our parents were engulfed in because their parents had subjected them to the same treatment. While on the other hand, my mother’s side of the family is Irish, German, and Indian. They despised the fact that my father was an African-American man. I would hear my mother’s mother talk badly of my father. She even went as far as not to allow my father in her home. She was the hardest on me out of all the grand children when it came to disciplining us, because my father’s skin tone was that of a black man. They also tended to favor my mother’s eldest daughter because her father wasn’t an African-American. As a child growing up I experienced both positive and negative feedback for my skin color. But I must say that it was about 85% positive when not in the presence of my mother’s mother. Note I don’t say grandmother because she was hardly ever a grandmother toward s me, just because my skin color was that of a black girl, while my cousins were mostly fair skinned. Colorism in the United States is a stigma that won’t get lifted because of what slavery has embedded in the minds of African-Americans. According to wikipedia. com, Colorism is defined as a â€Å"Black-on-Black racism, based on skin-tone. † The discrimination is based on the idea that a person’s worth is directly related to the color of his or her skin, valuing lighter tones over darker tones. It’s commonly known that Colorism plagued the Black community after slavery and through the early to mid-twentieth century. In the early 1900’s, many black organizations, including colleges, practiced the â€Å"brown paper bag test† when accepting new members. If a person’s skin was not lighter than a brown paper bag, they would be denied admittance. Though the brown paper bag test is out of date and frowned upon as a shameful moment in African-American history, the ideals behind the practice still lingers in the African-American community. Modern-day Colorism rears its ugly head in the day to day lives of African-Americans every day. This issue has affected every hue or shade of blackness within the African-American community. In â€Å"The Color Complex† by Midge Wilson, Wilson addresses the issue by tracing the origin of Colorism, â€Å"To trace the origins of the color complex, we must return to the year 1607 when three ships sailed in Chesapeake Bay, stopping at Jamestown, Virginia, to establish the first English colony in the New World†¦.. It was a new land and a new era filled with possibilities. What might have been unthinkable in Europe and Africa was an everyday occurrence in the wilderness. Miscegenation, or race mixing, became widespread as Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans mixed their seed and substance to produce a kaleidoscope of skin tones and features. But these primary race groupings differed sharply in their civil liberties and political freedoms. Subtle variations in appearance took on enormous consequence in meaning, especially among Negros,† (Wilson, pg. 9). With the emphasis of color being placed in the forefront of the black community, blacks have let this issue set the stage for ignorance for over four hundred years. The effects of these actions have trickled down into some of the most prominent black organizations that define our community and our blackness, such as the NAACP, Jack and Jill, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, and etc. It is no secret that these types of organizations were created in order to create a faux safe haven for the wealth of the light-skinned mulattos. In the early years these organizations were called Blue Vein societies, because in order to quote â€Å"belong,† the test of how light you were was could you see your blue veins through your skin? And if they could, you were in. Works Cited â€Å"Colorism. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1 Nov 2009, 22:52 UTC. 2 Nov 2009 . Wilson, Midge, Russell Kathy. The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color Among African Americans. New York: Harcourt Publishers, 1992.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Mysterious Death of Dimmesdale Essay

One could say that Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is poisoned, or that he merely died of guilty conscience. In the Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Reverend Dimmesdale commits adultery with Hester Prynne, and so she bears a child. Dimmesdale does not admit his sin to the people in the community. Keeping the sin a secret for as long as he does creates guilt and suffering which manifests in him until his death. Chillingworth is Hester’s husband who is symbolic of a leech because he lives off of Dimmesdale for a â€Å"host† making Dimmesdale’s life miserable in order to retaliate. Dr. Kahn suggests that Chillingworth poisoned Dimmesdale over a long period of time; there were references to Deadly Nightshade, and shows symptoms of the use of Atropine. Atropine is a drug that comes from a plant called Deadly Nightshade, or Belladonna (Fair-weather). Poisonous plants and symptoms are arguable reasons for Dimmesdale’s death by Dr. Kahn. However, Dr. Kahnâ€℠¢s theory that Dimmesdale is poisoned by atropine is false, and Dimmesdale’s death is caused by a prolonged depression brought on by guilt. Dr. Kahn suggests that Reverend Dimmesdale’s death is because Chillingworth has been poisoning him with Atropine in small amounts for a very long time. â€Å"Dimmesdale’s symptoms developed over a prolonged period, indicating that they are probably the result of chronic poisoning† (Kahn). Although Dr. Kahn argues that Chillingworth poisons Dimmesdale with atropine, and or deadly herbs, there is not enough evidence to prove this idea true. â€Å"You wrong yourself in this†¦you have deeply and sorely repented† (Hawthorne 173). Hester is telling Dimmesdale that he has been punishing himself for his sin even though it has long past. The sin and guilt that has been festering in Dimmesdale is too much for him to handle. â€Å"Continual presence of Roger Chillingworth, — the secret poison of malignity, infecting all the air about him†¦these bad opportunities had been turned to a cruel purpose† (Hawthorne 174). Although it may seem as though Hawthorne is describing Dimmesdale being poisoned by Chillingworth, Hawthorne is simply describing the mental  torture that Chillingworth puts Dimmesdale through. It shows the effects of Chillingworth living with Dimmesdale. Hester knows that this is a bad environment for Dimmesdale because Chillingworth is making Dimmesdale feel even worse about himself, and he is also depressed. Dimmesdale does not even realize his motives. Instead of Kahn’s theory of how Chillingworth poisoned him for a long period of time, it is more likely that Dimmesdale died of a prolonged period of stress and torture that came with the guilt of his sin. Dr. Kahn also makes references to poisonous plants throughout the Scarlet Letter. However, the references to poisonous plants may very well just be added description, or an interest the author might have. â€Å"in due course of time, would be seen deadly nightshade, dogwood, henbane, and whatever else of vegetable wickedness the climate could produce† (Hawthorne 158). Hawthorne does mention the poisonous plants, and also relates the plants to Chillingworth. Hawthorne is not trying to point out that Chillingworth uses these deadly plants and herbs to poison Dimmesdale, but it is symbolic of evil in him because it is saying that Chillingworth is so evil that poisonous plants will grow out of his burial site. Chillingworth is picking herbs at the beginning of chapter fifteen, and she[Hester] wondered what sort of herbs they were, which the old man was so sedulous to gather (Hawthorne 158). The author is simply describing Chillingworth as an evil person, and uses the herbs as a symbol of evil in order for the reader to further make him out to be a bad person. According to an interview with Helen Fairweather, deadly nightshade plants are, â€Å"scattered around Southern Europe, some of Asia and Algeria, and it is planted in England, and North America† (Fairweather). This suggests that nightshade plants were around at the time, and were a common interest to doctors like Chillingworth then. Hawthorne has to set the scene for the reader to develop an understanding of the plot, so poisonous plants may just be a description of the setting in the story. Hawthorne had an interest in deadly plants like nightshade. â€Å"the writer was deeply engaged in reading everything he could lay his hands on. It was said†¦he read every book in the Athenaeum† (Kahn). Dr. Kahn says that Hawthorne had an interest in reading and especially the books on nightshade. The author of the Scarlet Letter liked to read about poisonous plants, so he  included references from his knowledge of the plants in his story. Dr. Kahn suggests that Dimmesdale showed many symptoms of atropine poisoning, but the symptoms which he showed could have been signs of depression, stress, heartbreak, disease, or guilt. â€Å"even this, his own red stigma, is no more than the type of what has seared his inmost heart† (Hawthorne 228). According to Dr. Kahn, the red stigma on Dimmesdale’s chest is â€Å"the rash, that is, of atropine poisoning† (Kahn). However, throughout the book, there is mention to the red letter â€Å"A†. Hester wears an â€Å"A† on her clothing for adulteress as a punishment and constant reminder of her sin. The red stigma on Dimmesdale’s chest may be an â€Å"A† he inflicted upon himself during repent. This would make sense because Dimmesdale feels guilty for keeping his sin a secret while Hester was punished for hers, so he punished himself. Many symptoms Kahn describes like un-coordination, rapid weak pulse, convulsions, hallucinations, speech difficulties, and paleness could easily be signs of other problems besides atropine poisoning. Dimmesdale feels guilty and sad for not telling the townspeople the truth about what he did so he finds it hard to talk, let alone punish Hester. â€Å"The trying nature of his position drove the blood from his cheek and made his lips tremulous† (Hawthorne 63). Dimmesdale is nervous in front of the townspeople having to make the decision on punishment for Hester, while Hester is standing on the scaffold by herself, and he becomes pale from the position he is in. When Dimmesdale has heart problems it may have been because of his heartache and depression from the unavailability to be there for Hester and Pearl. As Hester was begging him to let her keep Pearl, he showed these signs of pity and heartache. â€Å"the young minister at once came forward, pale, and holding his hand over his heart, as was his custom whenever his peculiar nervous temperament was thrown into agitation† (Hawthorne 103). Also being a pastor for a community of very critical people is hard work, the townspeople had high expectations. â€Å"†¦whose health had severely suffered, of late, by his too unreserved self-sacrifice to the labors and duties of the pastoral relation† (Hawthorne 99). Dimmesdale’s job as a minister was wearing down his health. Depression and heartache were the cause of Dimmesdale’s death. Dr. Kahn had many arguable reasons for the death of Dimmesdale, but  Dimmesdale may not have been poisoned by atropine. Dimmesdale could have been poisoned over a prolonged period of time, but it is more likely that he died out of torture and guilt. Although Dr. Kahn tries to argue that the references to plants in the story are proof of the availability of atropine, he fails at pointing out that the author may have merely used the plants like nightshade symbolically or descriptively. Dr. Kahn also gives many symptoms that Dimmesdale is showing throughout the story however Dimmesdale is showing signs of depression, stress, guilt, and heartbreak. In conclusion, there is evidence to support the death of Dimmesdale being caused by a prolonged period of depression caused by guilt. Works Cited Fairweather, Helen. Interview. 17 September 2011 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Bantam, 1986. Print. Khan Dr., Jemshed A. â€Å"Atropine Poisoning in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.† The New England Journal of Medicine (1984): 414-16. Web.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Over-Population and Earth Processes essays

Over-Population and Earth Processes essays The Earth is facing two major issues with regards to its carrying capacity and over-population. Society continues to populate the Earth while the average life expectancy continues to rise. The Earth can only support a set amount of humans before its resources are used up. As well as the Earths resources becoming exhausted, there is also the issue of the high human population polluting the water to the point that some water reserves are not safe for consumption. In 1998 the world population reached 5.9 billion people according to the United States Census Bureau.1 These population figures signify that the world population has at least doubled since 1950, at which time the world population was only 2.6 billion people.1 The Earths population still continues to rise and has already reached the 6 billion people mark. If these population figures remain constant, the Earth will be well over its carrying capacity. With the continuing rise in world population comes the issue of the Earths resources becoming exhausted. An example of these exhausting of resources is oil. Society is already facing the issue of the Earths oil reserves being spent. The economic law of demand states The principle that, other things equal, an increase in a products price will reduce the quantity of it demanded; and conversely for a decrease in price.2 Because the price of oil has increased drastically over the last three years, the amount of oil that society uses has somewhat decreased because consumers are identifying the issue of oil consumption and are now buying more fuel-efficient vehicles.3 According to the economic law of demand, as more consumers switch to more fuel-efficient vehicles, the price of oil will come down again because the demand for oil will diminish and our oil reserves will remain stable. However, our oil reserves will only remain stable if more of society changes their lifestyles to accom m...

Monday, October 21, 2019

SAT Score to GPA Conversion Table

SAT Score to GPA Conversion Table SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to convert your GPA to SAT scores, orvice versa? Perhapsyou're wondering what SAT score you might get based on your high school grades. In this article, we've pored through the statistics to let you do just that! Before we jump into the data, though, wedo have some caveats to be aware of. Is Converting Between GPA and SAT Scores Possible? First, you should know that the SAT measures completely different things than a GPA does. The SAT is a single test that occursover just a few hours, whereas a GPA takes years of work to build and is based on classwork and overall class performance. Therefore, you cannot compare the two in a predictive sense.You can't say that just because you have a perfect GPA that you'll get a perfect SAT score, or vice versa. Suppose the fastest 100-meter dash time was9.7 seconds and the fastest marathon time was two hours and 10 minutes. Getting 9.7 seconds in the dash doesn't mean you'd for sure get 2:10 in the marathon! In spite of this, you can roughly convert between GPA and SAT score by looking at how "good" each one is. In other words, you can say that the fastest sprinter runs 100 meters in9.7 seconds, which converts to the fastest marathon runner at 2:10. This scale matches SAT to GPA based on how good each one is- more precisely, the percentiles of people earning each. Conversion Between SAT Scores and GPA Below, we've created a table that contains conversions between composite SAT scores and GPA (on an unweighted 4.0 scale). SAT Score GPA (4.0 Scale) 1600 4.00 1593 4.00 1587 4.00 1580 4.00 1573 4.00 1567 4.00 1560 4.00 1553 4.00 1547 4.00 1540 4.00 1533 4.00 1527 4.00 1520 3.99 1513 3.99 1507 3.99 1500 3.99 1493 3.99 1487 3.99 1480 3.99 1473 3.99 1467 3.99 1460 3.99 1453 3.99 1447 3.99 1440 3.99 1433 3.99 1427 3.99 1420 3.99 1413 3.99 1407 3.99 1400 3.99 1393 3.99 1387 3.99 1380 3.99 1373 3.98 1367 3.98 1360 3.98 1353 3.98 1347 3.98 1340 3.98 1333 3.98 1327 3.98 1320 3.97 1313 3.97 1307 3.97 1300 3.97 1293 3.97 1287 3.96 1280 3.96 1273 3.96 1267 3.95 1260 3.95 1253 3.95 1247 3.94 1240 3.94 1233 3.93 1227 3.93 1220 3.92 1213 3.92 1207 3.91 1200 3.91 1193 3.90 1187 3.89 1180 3.88 1173 3.87 1167 3.86 1160 3.85 1153 3.84 1147 3.83 1140 3.82 1133 3.81 1127 3.79 1120 3.78 1113 3.76 1107 3.75 1100 3.73 1093 3.71 1087 3.69 1080 3.68 1073 3.66 1067 3.63 1060 3.61 1053 3.59 1047 3.57 1040 3.54 1033 3.51 1027 3.49 1020 3.46 1013 3.43 1007 3.40 1000 3.37 993 3.34 987 3.31 980 3.28 973 3.25 967 3.22 960 3.19 953 3.16 947 3.12 940 3.09 933 3.06 927 3.02 920 2.99 913 2.95 907 2.92 900 2.88 893 2.85 887 2.81 880 2.77 873 2.74 867 2.70 860 2.66 853 2.62 847 2.58 840 2.54 833 2.49 827 2.44 820 2.39 813 2.35 807 2.30 800 2.25 793 2.20 787 2.15 780 2.10 773 2.05 767 2.00 760 1.95 753 1.89 747 1.84 740 1.79 733 1.73 727 1.68 720 1.62 713 1.55 707 1.48 700 1.39 693 1.31 687 1.23 680 1.12 673 0.99 667 0.87 660 0.75 653 0.62 647 0.48 640 0.31 633 0.15 627 0.02 620 0.00 613 0.00 607 0.00 600 0.00 593 0.00 587 0.00 580 0.00 573 0.00 567 0.00 560 0.00 553 0.00 547 0.00 540 0.00 533 0.00 527 0.00 520 0.00 513 0.00 507 0.00 500 0.00 493 0.00 487 0.00 480 0.00 473 0.00 467 0.00 460 0.00 453 0.00 447 0.00 440 0.00 433 0.00 427 0.00 420 0.00 413 0.00 407 0.00 400 0.00 Did you know boosting your SAT score by 160points can dramatically change your chances of getting into your dream school?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: How Did We Calculate These SAT-GPA Conversions? Now that you've seen the conversion table, you're likely wondering how we actually calculated these SAT-GPA conversions. First, we usedreal official data released by the College Boardto get precisepercentiles down to the exact person.We then used grade percentile data from this study to calculate common class grade percentiles. Next, we presumed that, to get the GPA, a student with a median class grade of K (out of 100) could score uniformly 6 points higher or lower. This let us map percentiles to course grades to GPA. Note that our methodologyfor mapping student class grades to GPA is proprietary. At least converting SAT scores to a GPA isn't as confusing as converting different types of money is. What Can You Use These SAT-GPA Conversions For? You've seen the table and understand how we calculated these conversions- but what now? What can you actually use SAT-GPA conversions for? In other words, how can they help you? Below, we give you two reasons for why you might want to use these conversions, and explain how they can potentially aid you during the college application process. #1: You Want to Estimate Your SAT Score Before Taking the Test As I mentioned at the beginning, one big reason you might want to use these SAT-GPA conversions is to estimate what your potential SAT scores could be based on your current GPA.Doing this can be helpful for students who have yet to take their first SAT and want to get a rough idea of the general range they should be scoring in based on their performance in school. For example, if you're a 4.0 student, you'd probably want to be scoring pretty highly on the SAT- ideally in at least the 1400s.On the other hand, if you've got a 3.1 GPA, you might expect to score around average (though you could certainly score higher depending on how hard you prep!). Again, note thatyour GPA is not an accurate predictor of your SAT score (in reality, your PSAT score is a much better predictor). Even if you have a lower GPA, this doesn't necessarily mean that you'll for sure get a below-average SAT score. However, you can use your GPA to give yourself a rough baseline of where you should be scoring on the SAT. #2: You Want to Estimate the Average GPA of Admitted Applicants to Colleges The other way you might want to use these SAT-GPA conversions is to estimate the average GPA of admitted applicants to certain colleges based on their average SAT scores.This is helpful if a college website offers data on admitted applicants' SAT scores but noton their GPA. For example, say you're applying to the University of Texas. You currently have a GPA of 3.4 and want to know what the average GPA of admitted students is, so you go to the UT Austin website. Unfortunately, all you can find is the middle 50% ranges of applicants' SAT/ACT scores. But the good news is that you can use this information to estimate what the average GPA (or GPA range) of admitted applicants is. According to UT Austin's website, the middle 50% of SAT scores is 1160-1390. Using the conversion table above, we can look for these scores and then come up with a (rough) GPA range of admitted students to UT Austin. The chart shows that 1160 converts to a GPA of 3.85, while an SAT score of 1390 converts to a GPA of 3.99. We can therefore say thatadmitted applicants to UT Austin typically have a GPA in the range of 3.85-3.99.This means you'll likely need a fairly high GPA to get admitted to UT Austin. What’s Next? Wonderingwhat SAT score you should be aiming for?Learn what your target SAT score should be based on the colleges you're interested in. Not sure how to begin studying for the SAT? Check out this guide which goes over the pros and cons of each prep method.It'll help you figure out exactly how you should be studying! Want to get some more SAT practice in? Taking practice tests is one of the best ways to prepare for the SAT and learn how well you're doing. Check out these free and official SAT practice tests and get started! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project

How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project When conducting a science fair project, it is important that you keep track of all the sources you use in your research. This includes books, magazines, journals, and Web sites. You will need to list these source materials in a bibliography. Bibliographic information is typically written in either Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) format. Be sure to check with your science project instruction sheet in order to find out which method is required by your instructor. Use the format advised by your instructor. Key Takeaways Keeping track of the sources used for your research is very important when completing a science fair project bibliography.The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is one common format used for bibliographies for science fair projects.The American Psychological Association (APA) format is a second common format used for science fair project bibliographies.Both the MLA format as well as the APA format have specified formats to use for resources like books, magazines, and websites.Always make sure to use the correct format, whether MLA or APA, specified in the instructions that you receive for completing your science fair project. Heres How: MLA: Book Write the authors last name, first name and middle name or initial. End with a period.Write the title of the book in italics followed by a period.Write the place where your book was published (city) followed by a comma. The city of publication is only used when the book is published before 1900, if the publisher has offices in multiple countries or is otherwise unknown in North America.Write the publisher name followed by a comma.Write the publication date (year) followed by a period. MLA: Magazine Write the authors last name, first name followed by a period.Write the title of the article in quotation marks. End the title with a period inside the quotation marks.Write the title of the magazine in italics followed by a comma.Write the publication date (abbreviating the month) followed by a comma and the page numbers preceded by pp. and followed by a period. MLA: Website Write the authors last name, first name followed by a period.Write the name of the article or page title in quotation marks. End the title with a period inside the quotation marks.Write the title of the website in italics followed by a comma.If the name of the publisher differs from the name of the website, write the name of the sponsoring institution or publisher (if any) followed by a comma.Write the date published followed by a comma.Write the URL (website address) followed by a period. MLA Examples: Here is an example for a book Smith, John B. Science Fair Fun. Sterling Publishing Company, 1990.Here is an example for a magazine Carter, M. The Magnificent Ant. Nature, 4 Feb. 2014, pp. 10-40.Here is an example for a Web site Bailey, Regina. How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project. ThoughtCo, 8 Jun. 2019, www.thoughtco.com/write-bibliography-for-science-fair-project-4056999.Here is an example for a conversation Martin, Clara. Telephone conversation. 12 Jan. 2016. APA: Book Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the book or source.Write the place where your source was published (city, state) followed by a colon. APA: Magazine Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year of publication, month of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the article.Write the title of the magazine in italics, volume, issue in parenthesis, and page numbers. APA: Web site Write the authors last name, first initial.Write the year, month, and day of publication in parenthesis.Write the title of the article.Write Retrieved from followed by the URL. APA Examples: Here is an example for a book Smith, J. (1990). Experiment Time. New York, NY: Sterling Pub. Company.Here is an example for a magazine Adams, F. (2012, May). House of the carnivorous plants. Time, 123(12), 23-34.Here is an example for a Web site Bailey, R. (2019, June 8). How to Write a Bibliography For a Science Fair Project. Retrieved from www.thoughtco.com/write-bibliography-for-science-fair-project-4056999.Here is an example for a conversation Martin, C. (2016, January 12). Personal Conversation. The bibliography formats used in this listing are based on the MLA 8th Edition and APA 6th Edition. Science Fair Projects For additional information about science fair projects, see: Scientific MethodAnimal Project IdeasHuman Body Project IdeasPlant Project Ideas Sources Purdue Writing Lab. APA Formatting and Style Guide. Purdue Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html.  Purdue Writing Lab. MLA Formatting and Style Guide. Purdue Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.html.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

The Abortion Controversy in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Abortion Controversy in the USA - Essay Example Simply speaking, it would be practical to say that all women do need to have the right to avail an abortion because eventually it is the woman who should have a decisive role when it comes to deciding as to whether she intends to give birth to a child or not. The one big reason why abortion should be legal is the fact that any woman should have a complete right over her own body and what she intends to do to her body (Harrison 106). In that context it would be totally wrong on the part of the government and the religious bodies to exercise control over a woman’s body by making abortion illegal or unethical (Harrison 106). Denying an abortion to a woman on legal and ethical grounds is like taking away the individual freedom of a woman. Once the government or the religion is allowed to have a say into the right to have an abortion, it is quite possible that they may exceed their limits by imposing varied other unreasonable limitations on the women like making motherhood mandator y or taking away the right to use birth control methods like pills. There are sections of the society who say that abortion is like a murder and it insults the human dignity (Rubin 240). Abortion allows a woman to put an end to a human life. However, realistically speaking these concerns happen to more of ideological in their scope than being practical.

Beginning the Audit Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Beginning the Audit Report - Essay Example Our approach to this audit will be based on the appropriate selection of audit staff. The choice of audit staff for this appointment shall exhibit necessary qualifications, skills, relevant general experience, relevant specific experience, exposure to donor funded projects, and prior working relations as a successful team We as Kantha Audit firm are grateful having been appointed as Apollo Shoes Auditors. We provide a comprehensive and modern audit service for both statutory and other purposes. The basis of our audit approach is a close understanding of the operations of the Apollo Shoes, its systems and controls, and the environment in which it operates. It is important to make clarification that the management of Apollo Shoes is solely responsible for the preparation of the financial statements. We as the auditors are only responsibility is to express an opinion of the financial statements after our audit of them. The audit approach that we will adopt, takes into consideration the overall environment of Apollo Shoes. Audit procedures for this audit mission will be of the highest quality, based on the GAAP and IAS-and International Auditing Standards. This will assist us to attain reasonable assurance and evidence to base our audit opinion (Gray & Manson 2007). We will require full access to all financial and accounting systems and records in order to carry out our audit in an effective and efficient manner. In addition, having been appointed as the new auditor should we require any information regarding to prior financial period and internal controls we will be obliged to contact the prior auditors if any (Kimbell 2002). The audit work is expected to kick-off on 1st March 2012 and run for eight working days, but we are ready to start even at an earlier date of your convenience, with the culmination of presentation of the final audit report on 23rd March 2012. Our fee for

Friday, October 18, 2019

American Airlines Innovation Report Research Paper

American Airlines Innovation Report - Research Paper Example It does flights both internationally and domestically, including the Caribbean, North America, South America, Asia, Europe, and Africa (Forty 44 ). The developments of this airline range are adverse i.e. passenger services improvement, electronic ticketing, discounts, introduction of self service machines, AAdvanced bag machine check programs, in-flight connectivity programs, power ports introduction to the plane, â€Å"remember me† feature, on board purchase features, and some others as will be seen in details later . American airlines have revolutionized the airline industry when they initiated the passenger services over 50 years ago. Up to date, American Airlines has not relented on its commitment to investment in technology and innovation so as to achieve customer satisfaction. From an advanced AA web site to a Self Service Check In, it has evolved its technology to serve the changing demands of the airline industry and of its customers. The AA website offers more tools a nd more options to the passengers; it has become more convenient in general. Therefore, most customers will continue using American Airlines services. The airline boasts of being the leader in innovation, as it was ranked 11th in the Information Week 500, which is a rating of the most creative organizations in the US. In 1998, American Airlines became the foremost airline to present electronic ticketing across the 44 countries it operates in (Mallarino 170). The AA website receives about 1.7 million visits in a day and is considered the biggest distribution channel in America as well as the best platform of online business within the airline. The airline has the reward packages for passengers who book their flights online get a discount guarantee, and there is no booking free of charge. The American Airlines also has a Mobile platform. The platform is a useful tool to the modern connected passengers and is the main force behind the airlines technology being developed to ease travel for the passenger (Stacks 45). The Airline also has a travel package commonly known as the American Airlines Travel Application. This application has been created with focus on the distinct characteristics of a particular mobile device, which enables timelier and simpler updates as new tools are created and released. This makes the American Airline remain ahead of other companies in terms of application innovation. These applications are available on various platforms including iPad, iPod Touch, iPhone, Blackberry, Android, Windows Phone 7, Amazon Kindle Fire, Barnes, and Noble NOOK Color Readers Tablet (Geza 45). The Airline has a Mobile Boarding pass chance that applies to passengers using American Eagle and American Airlines flights in about 80 cities and 10 international airports. The passengers have the option of receiving their boarding passes on their mobile phones when they book flights in the AA website using either the mobile or desktop version. The passenger is sent an em ail with a link to a boarding pass with a 2-D barcode. This barcode can be used at select American Airlines gates and TSA security checkpoints by scanning the 2-D barcode. The Wi-Fi widget enables customers to find out if the flights they have booked will be Wi-Fi enabled. The in-flight connectivity is a very important tool for leisure and business passengers (Cearly 60). The AA website enables passengers to receive computerized information about their

Wiki Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wiki - Assignment Example The journey was influenced by a vision that Xuanzang experienced even after official refusal to travel by Emperor Taizong on grounds of safeguarding national security, Xuanzang’s state-supported decision (Hwui-Li 28). The travel chronological of Xuanzang was as a result of the conflicting Chinese traditional principles and his adherence to the doctrines of Buddhism. Chinese followed filial piety and Confucian orthodoxy, but on the other hand, Buddhism advocated for Monatic discipline and Mahayana progressivism. Having undergone a confusion education system, Xuanzang sought to re-define the philosophies of Buddhism by going to the cradle land of Buddhism, India. Travel tales of Xuanzang, therefore, allow the audience to actualize the travel experiences of Xuanzang, in relation to the influential people he met in his journey and the resultant imperial and scholastic elements of the Buddhism in China (Wriggins 21). During his journey, Xuanzang encountered different societies, each with their own traditional influence, Confucianism, Persian and Buddhis. Upon arrival in India at the Nalanda monastery, his incorporation as a Silabhadra disciple incorporated his observations in previous societies encountered to the taught philosophies at the monastery. India and China acknowledged his histrorian influence. In India, Xuanzang ousted notable Buddhist Indian potentates, Brahmins, Jains and heterodox Buddhists. Back in China, Xuanzang became the historian of the day. Even after leaving as an imperial fugitive, Emperor Taizong acknowledged his historical influence all over central Asia, influencing huge Chinese populations to adopt his Buddhist ideologies (Hwui-Li 182). The reception from the different people he countered in his journey amused him, while bad encounters such as robbers and the Gobi Desert were the challenges along his route. During his journey, Xuanzang encountered a tale that almost resembled Greek tragedy. While at Silk Road,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Compareable between lean and six sigma Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compareable between lean and six sigma - Article Example Thus this paper will identify the weaknesses and strengths of both Six Sigma and lean and the ways in which they compliment each other. Six Sigma and lean are among the two most commonly used continuous improvement tools (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). Lean originated out of the Toyota Production System and its focus is on the elimination of waste in production which begins from the time an order is placed and ends when the order is delivered (Pojasek, 2003, p. 85). Six Sigma was introduced by the Motorola Corporation and is designed to eliminate variations in production and services and their processes so that defects are reduced and customer satisfaction is improved (Desai, 2006). In other words, lean focuses on reducing waste, while Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects. Therefore, it has been suggested that when lean and Six Sigma philosophies are combined an organization may benefit from significant improvements in a short period of time at a significantly reduced cost (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). This paper will compare and contrast Six Sigma and Lean with a view to demonstrating their compatibility and differences for continuous improvement. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature on lean and Six Sigma. The second part of this paper provides a comparison of the two philosophies. The third part of this paper will discuss the implications for practice and the final part of this paper will make suggestions for further studies. Lean is a philosophical approach to managing production and consist of facilitating a system for eliminating or reducing waste and any activity that does not add value for the end customer (Dora, Kumar, Goubergen, Molnar, & Gellynck, 2013). At its core, lean is a continuous improvement technique focused on â€Å"just-in-time (JIT), quality systems and team works† (Wong, Wong, & Ali, 2009, p.

Effects of emerging technologies in Accounting Information Systems- Research Paper

Effects of emerging technologies in Accounting Information Systems- focusing on XBRL - Research Paper Example Due to numerous benefits, XBRL captured the market and now-a-days few biggest economies in the world such as US, China, France and Japan organizations are obliged to implement XBRL for financial reporting (Geerts, Guido, et al 815-840). XBRL assures control of data sources and in addition, it ensures the integrity of reporting information by using the structured format of XML that are adapted to the financial particularities. It helps in facilitating and automating the import of data from diverse computing environments. Along with summiting the regulatory constraints, the enterprises that are implementing XBRL are benefitting from an innovative context for improvement and cost diminution relative to their reporting processes. Recently, XBRL has come out to be a viable option for the public sectors (Jiu, Li, Wang and Gong 84-96). There exists number of extensions of XBRL such as XBRL IFRS and XBRL US GAAP that are created for the adoption of specific norms and rules for reporting in f inancial accounting. The objective of the report is to explain the impacts of technological advancements such as XBRL in accounting information system and its relevance. The evolution in the world of XBRL was exceptionally rapid, progressing from the state of initiative of American accounting expert Charles Hoffman in 1988 to the state of international standard that are used internationally and promoted by a significant number of national and international jurisdictions. Considerable numbers of paper are dealing with the problems of XBRL and its significance in accounting information systems (Baldwin, Amelia and Trinkle 1-24). This research report goes beyond the research preoccupation for adopting XBRL as a standard format and tool generally in business reporting and particularly in financial reporting. This research report will review the effects of emerging technologies on accounting information systems (AIS) majorly focusing on XBRL. This

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Compareable between lean and six sigma Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compareable between lean and six sigma - Article Example Thus this paper will identify the weaknesses and strengths of both Six Sigma and lean and the ways in which they compliment each other. Six Sigma and lean are among the two most commonly used continuous improvement tools (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). Lean originated out of the Toyota Production System and its focus is on the elimination of waste in production which begins from the time an order is placed and ends when the order is delivered (Pojasek, 2003, p. 85). Six Sigma was introduced by the Motorola Corporation and is designed to eliminate variations in production and services and their processes so that defects are reduced and customer satisfaction is improved (Desai, 2006). In other words, lean focuses on reducing waste, while Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects. Therefore, it has been suggested that when lean and Six Sigma philosophies are combined an organization may benefit from significant improvements in a short period of time at a significantly reduced cost (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). This paper will compare and contrast Six Sigma and Lean with a view to demonstrating their compatibility and differences for continuous improvement. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature on lean and Six Sigma. The second part of this paper provides a comparison of the two philosophies. The third part of this paper will discuss the implications for practice and the final part of this paper will make suggestions for further studies. Lean is a philosophical approach to managing production and consist of facilitating a system for eliminating or reducing waste and any activity that does not add value for the end customer (Dora, Kumar, Goubergen, Molnar, & Gellynck, 2013). At its core, lean is a continuous improvement technique focused on â€Å"just-in-time (JIT), quality systems and team works† (Wong, Wong, & Ali, 2009, p.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

IT Professional Responsibilities toward the Society Essay

IT Professional Responsibilities toward the Society - Essay Example Nevertheless, metadata can be dangerous if the document gets passed on to others electronically. This can happen, for instance, during the submission of an electronic document into a court, distribution of the documents among the adverse groups, or during the document’s circulation to the opposing counsel during negotiations. â€Å"The document’s metadata may contain hidden information that the sender would not want to share with the recipients, such as comments on revisions or the time and by whom the comments were made† (Day et al., 2008, p. 12). Computing professionals assume this responsibility to be very careful in their handling of the metadata for their own safety, safety of their coworkers, and of the whole society. The responsibilities of the computing professionals extend beyond compliance with the policies and goals of their company to include the interests of the society at large. â€Å"Lack of security awareness and training, operating system design and security, open source issues, design complexity and multiple layer approach are some of the current issues with ICT† (Beqiri, n.d.). Computing professionals need to have a firm hold over all these areas to secure the information whose leakage may put the future of the society in the hands of the enemies. The responsibility of computing professionals toward members of their profession and the society translates into the broader area of business ethics. Over the passage of time, organizations have become quite experienced and informed about the delicate nature of information technology issues. This has brought a change in the employers’ attitude toward what skills they want in the information technology professionals. â€Å"When employers of newly qualified information systems professionals are asked what it is they would most like them to know, the answer is very rarely

Monday, October 14, 2019

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay Private Schools VS. Public Schools Parents often wonder how to start off their childrens education. Depending on ones religion or beliefs a private or public school is a choose most parents face. Of course, each school offers its own pros and cons the choice is simple. Public schools offer the best well rounding of a student. While being enrolled in a public school, students are faced with real outside world problems, are with a different blend of students each year, and are also introduced to the latest technology faster. While, a public school the money is offered to them by the state easier then having donations like a private school. Ones child will most likely be with the same students throughout their educational years. Classes arent as big and varied like classes at public schools. While in a public school, children view the wide spread cultures and human beings that make up todays American society. Public schools have a wider variety of classes, which give students an opportunity to choose the classes the want. These classes allow students to pursue a career from the knowledge they have obtained. For example, one might take a business class, which could lead to a career in the business industry. On the other hand, in Private schools they only provide the necessary classes required by the state. In some intermediate private schools, Home Economics and Shop classes Brady 2 arent even offered. Unlike Public schools these classes have been offered since fifth or sixth grade and up. The uniforms in private schools ones child will be wearing would not allow the child to show character in his self. Uniforms may make life easier in the long run, but think of how many different ways in style people express themselves. Theres skater, prep, sporty, gothic, hippie, or whatever is convertible. In public schools, ones child has many different ways to fit in or dress how they feel is convertible to them. The sports in private schools arent that excelled as ones in public schools. Like in private intermediate schools there are not a variety of sports. Public schools offer sports as young as their primary schools. Sports in Public schools seem to be widely known and are more funded. The money that Public schools receive go towards uniforms, equipment, and top of the line coachs. Public schools show to the community that they will educate and well round you child better then Private schools. Private schools will limit your childrens ability to grow. Although your child will receive religion in school as another subject, is it really worth it to you to have your child be deprived of the opportunity that will lead them to be a better person?

Sunday, October 13, 2019

The Procedures For Teaching Grammar

The Procedures For Teaching Grammar Since teaching grammar plays such an important part in language classroom, it is necessary to know what are the approaches to teach grammar as well as the most effective process of holding a grammar lesson. It is because this will help learners study grammar more effectively. About the teaching approach, there are two main types mentioned which are the inductive and deductive one. In deductive, the rule is presented first and the language is produced based on the rule. On the contrary, in inductive, teacher will give students a means to discover the rules themselves. Both of these approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Deductive approach will save time for teacher and be suitable for young learners, whereas the inductive one will be appropriate for learners with basic knowledge of the language. About planning a grammar lesson in classroom, there are several popular models a teacher should know, for example: the deductive PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production), TTT (Test, Teach, Test), ARC (Authentic use, Restricted use, Clarification and focus), TBL (Task-Based Learning) and ESA (Engage, Study, Activate). All models have their own good points and bad points. Among them, PPP is the most widely used model because this model is easy to conduct and can be suitable for teaching isolated grammatical items. It also allows the teacher to arrange the time for each stage accurately and prepare for the unexpected problems that may occur.(BBC, 2005 December 9) Teaching grammar in PPP includes three main stages: presentation, practice and production. Presentation: This stage includes lead-in, presenting form and meaning, giving other examples, conducting repetition of title, model sentences and examples,and finally asking class to copy down lesson. Lead-in: The teacher usually begins presenting with a text in which the grammatical structure appears. The text maybe one or two sentences, or it can be a short dialogue. The teacher may also use pictures or situations to lead into the structure that will be taught. The purpose of lead-in section is to warm up and raise studentsinterest in the lesson. Throught it, students will know how the structure is used naturally in real life. Presenting form and meaning: In this section, the teacher may begin showing the form first and the meaning second or vice versa. This depends on the students. If students prefer grammar explanations at the beginning, the form should be presented first. On the contrary, if students learn a language better by inferring the meaning before the teacher presents grammar explanation, then showing the meaning first is suitable for them. (Dang and Ruiter, 2005, p.86) Whether the form of the grammar point or its meaning is presented first, the teacher should master the ways of showing form and meaning. Doff (1988) mentioned these ways in his book. When presenting meaning, the teacher can show it visually or through a situation. In showing meaning visually, he or she can use objects, the classroom, the students themselves, the pictures to demonstrate the new structure(p.34). Nevertheless, it is not always possible to show the meaning visually. Hence there is another way of showing meaning more naturally. It is presenting meaning through a situation. This situation can be real or imaginary(p.35). The good point of using a situation is that students can become familiar with how the structure is used in everyday conversations. They will feel what they are learning is relevant to real life, and it is also easier for the teacher to use this way. Together with explaining clearly the meaning of the new structure, it is also important to show how it is formed. Doff (1988) showed two basic ways of doing this. First, a clear model should be given and students are asked to listen and repeat two or three times and then the teacher demonstrates the structure quickly. Second, the teacher writes the structure on the board, says it when writing and underlines the fixed parts. Another way is asking the students to tell the teacher what to write. It is an effective way because it involves the whole class in the lesson and focuses their attention to the structure. (p.37) After the teacher has finished presenting form and meaning, he or she continue doing other steps such as: giving other examples, modeling the structure and examples, and finally asking class to copy down lesson. Practice When students have known the grammatical structure, it is neccessary to get them to say the new language accurately and fluently. Therefore, it is important to move to practice stage. The process will go from controlled practice (mechanical) to less controlled practice (meaningful) and finally to free practice (production). Controlled or mechanical practice In this section, learners are often asked to do mechanical drills such as repetition, substitution, word cues, picture cuesetc. These drills completely control the response of students. They are asked to give the only one correct way of responding because these kinds of drills just focus on correct forms rather than meaning. Therefore, mechanical drills are only useful if students practise doing them for a short time. This kind of practice has some limitations due to these three reasons. First, because students do not have to think much when doing mechanical drills, they will easily forget afterwards. Second, teacher can not be sure that whether students understand the meaning of the words or not. Finally, these drills focus only on producing correct forms, therefore students do not know how to use them to express meaning.(Doff, 1988, p.73) Meaningful practice Meaningful practice is also called less controlled practice because there is still little control of response. Less control is because students can give several right answers and these drills are not suitable for doing chorally. This is called meaningful practice because it requires learners to think and understand what they are doing. Some common drills are information gap exercise, mapped dialogue, interview or find someone whoetc. There are three techniques to make meaningful practice: First, teacher can do this by getting students to say real thing about themselves, or teacher can give a situation that implies the structure but let student decide what to say. Also, teacher can let students add something of their own (Doff, 1988, p.75-76) In this stage, in both mechanical and meaningful practice, teacher should check whether sudents make any errors or not so that teacher goes back to the presentation stage and clarifies any problems of understanding or usage. Production Meaningful practice is followed by production (free practice) in which students have a chance to use the strutures to express their own ideas or talk about their experiences. There are two kinds of useful topics. According to Doff (1988), students can talk about real life, for example themselves, friends or anything in the world. They can also imagine a situation which is not real to practise speaking (p.78). In this section, role play and communicative games are often used. Free practice offers students a chance to talk freely; hence, it is in this stages that errors often occur. Nevertheless, teachers should not interupt students to correct their mistakes because the main purpose is to develop fluency and confidence. Important errors can be corrected during giving feedback after this stage. Although PPP model is widely used, it is becoming old-fashioned nowadays and is under threat to be replaced by other ones. There are a number of reasons for this which Mora et al. (2001) pointed out in their book. For one, PPP will discourage risk-taking and the processes of improvisation and experimentation with the language, which are considered as important aspects of language learning. For another, the controlled context in present and practice stage does little help for students when dealing with the natural language outside the classroom.(p.14). Another problem is that in PPP, the grammatical structures which are often chosen in advance by the course book author or the teacher may not be what students like to learn. Hence, students may not feel excited in the lesson; and if they do not want to learn that grammar point, the whole lesson can be a waste of time. Also, when it comes to more complex grammar points, it will be a challenge for teacher to use this model. These are all the reasons why other models are considered to apply in classrooms instead of PPP.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Latin Captions Project :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kyle Black Picture Captions Project Page 1: This picture shows daily life inside the home of Cornelius Rufus in Pompeii. It has people performing various activities and the pillars are painted red to hide fingerprints. Page3: All official business was conducted in the Roman Forum. After a roman patronus received his clients, he would go to the Forum for business. Page 5: This picture of the atrium at the House of the Faun at Pompeii had a funnel-shaped roof designed so that rainwater would drain into the impluvium. You can see the peristylum in the background, which had a garden and a fountain. Page 8: Servants and children gather around the well to exchange news and get fresh water. The pillars are also painted red in this picture. Page 11: The family unit was important in ancient Rome. If a family didn’t have a son, they would adopt a son to carry on the family name. Many famous Romans, such as Augustus Caesar were adopted. Page 16: Children were taught to read at an early age. Roman books were papyrus rolled into scrolls. Page 18: The Vestal Virgins had enormous prestige. They were chosen by patricians and introduced at the ages of six and ten. They served for 30 years. In the picture, they Virgins tended their sacred fire, which cannot go out. Page 20: Livia Prusilla was the second wife of Augustus and the mother of Tiberius, Augustus’ successor. During her husband’s reign, she became her counselor and gracefully ran his domestic life. Page 21: Women were responsible for the early education of their children and also got together to plan parties and celebrations. This picture is of the women’s domestic activities. Page 23: Augustus was the first emperor of the Julio-Claudian line. He well understood the importance of propaganda. So, he encouraged the leading writers and poets to glorify Rome’s and Augustus’ achievements in their works. Page 24: Virgil was one of Rome’s finest poets. He wrote the Ecogues, the Georgies, and the famous Aeneid. Page 27: This is a picture of Tablets containing the Laws of the Twelve Tables. They were put together in the 5th century B.C. The laws include many rules and procedures on various topics. Page 30: The Roman Forum was the area where business and political speeches were made. Because of this, they put the Twelve Tables here for everyone to see as a reference. With this, plebeians were guaranteed fairness. Page 33: The Roman Senate was very powerful.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Margaret Laurence’s The Stone Angel Essay

Margaret Laurence’s The Stone Angel is a novel, which depicts the last days of life of the protagonist – Hagar Currie-Shipley. Pride, loneliness and final journey to death are the main themes of the novel.   The character of Hagar is transformed through the novel and the readers can see different stages this old woman comes in her perception of other people, life and death. Multiple flashbacks give us idea about the life of the main character and people who surround her. Margaret Laurence goes further than mere description of events. Deep investigation of Hagar’s beliefs, thoughts and ideas present not only a valuable investigation of old lady’s inner world, but also make the readers to reflect on such important themes as love, friendship, pride, acceptance of death and coming in terms with one’s reality. Margaret Laurence wrote in one of her interviews that she was not sure if the last days of ninety-year old woman could be an interesting reading for the wide audience. But she dared and fulfilled her idea and the novel became popular among the readers. It was included into several study courses soon after it was published. The subject touched in the novel echoed in the hearts of the readers and they were ready to share an experience of dying woman and reflect on the themes of pride and loneliness. Pride is the best characteristic of the main character. All Hagar’s life is dedicated to one ultimate purpose – she wants to make a good appearance by any means. Any manifestations of emotions she regards as weakness, which should be avoided by any means. The name of the novel becomes a symbol for this pride, which makes the main purpose of Hagar’s life. From early age she feels superior to other children. An accident on the Manawak dump is very characteristics for better understanding of Hagar’s character. When Hagar’s friend Lottie killes small chicks in the Manawak dump Hagar becomes greatly impressed by this accident. This accident made such a great impression on Hagar that she was not able to forget about it during all her life. Many years later she retold this accident to Lottie after the death of their children. This accident had such an impression on Hagar not only because of her extra sensitiveness. For her killing birds became manifestation of strength. This strength was manifested by her shy friend. As Hagar herself describes her: â€Å"Lottie was light as an eggshell herself, and I felt surly toward her littleness and pale fine hair, for I was tall and sturdy and dark and would have liked to be the opposite† (Laurence,. 27). Comparing herself to Lottie Hagar suddenly came to realization that she was weaker than slim and shy girl she disdained. This accident became one of the turning points in the becoming of Hagar’s personality and shaped out all her further life. An accident in the Manawak dump made Hagar obsessed with pride and desire to keep a good appearance in front of people by any mean. Pride became sense of life and she was ready to sacrifice everything to this ideal. She did not make any exceptions, even for her dearest people. Being afraid to become weak, she even refuses to pretend being her mother when her dying brother asks her about this. She refuses to do so because she believes her mother was a weak person and Hagar is afraid even to pretend being weak. Pride does not let Hagar to accept the choice of her son to marry Lottie’s daughter. She sees their relations â€Å"as a joke of God – if people had told me forty years ago my son would fall for No-Name Lottie Drieser’s daughter, I’d have laughed in their faces† (Laurence, 204). She boldly takes God’s â€Å"challenges† and decides to destroy their relationships. For this purposes she even turns to Lottie’s help. Hagar is stubborn and self-assured enough to make the decisions for other people and their future. She does not take feelings of other people seriously and even happiness of her own son does not count in comparison to her own ambitions. She does not hesitate even for a minute when making a decision to destroy John’s and Arlene’s relationship. Hagar forgets her own youth when she did not listen to anybody and married the man she had fallen in love with. â€Å"I saw them with a covey of young, like Jess’s had been, clustered like fish spawn, children with running noses and drooping, handed-down pants four sizes too large. I couldn’t face the thought.† (Laurence, 211) She is absolutely sure in her right and power to decide the destinies of other people and such attitude finally results in a tragedy. Pride and aesthetic feeling become main reasons, which define all Hagar’s behavior. Obsession with the importance of appearance becomes a reason, which destructs Hagar’s life. This concern about appearance prevented her from enjoying physical love with the husband. Inner rules and restrictions did not let her to forget about morals and appearance even for a minute. Doing her best to keep a good appearance she does not even cry on the funerals of her beloved son. Death is another important theme of the novel. All Hagar’s life becomes a constant battle with death. Since early years she denies death and destructions and since these very early times they follow her step by step. Feeling an approach of death, Hagar tries to escape this reality and looks for the mean to deceive death. In the beginning she turns to memories and recollects the pictures from her past. Childhood memories, marriage and children, all these memories help Hagar to create her own reality where there is no place for death. She can not even tolerate thoughts about death. In her reflections she states: â€Å"Hard to imagine a world and I not in it. Will everything stop when I do? Stupid old baggage, who do you think you are? Hagar. There’s no one else like me in this world† (Laurence, 255). Such a position reflects selfish attitude and pride. Hagar can not believe that the world can exist without her.   When Hagar realizes that she can not escape from reality any more aggression and desire to change something replaces all other feelings. Hagar rejects help of other people and tries to fight death. She can hardly control her feelings and anger becomes a mean to express her protest against the existing order of the world. The realization become difficult because death is that phenomenon, which Hagar tried to escape by any means since early childhood. From the very moment when Lottie killed chicks Hagar did not want to confess even to herself that death was a natural part of the world. She rejects any kind of help and perceives Marvin’s attempt to put her in the nursing home as a humiliation. Only after long period of inner fight Hagar finally comes in terms with the reality. Acceptance of the world around her becomes new experience for Hagar. She finally comes to hard realizations that her will and proud can not control everything in the world and there are things she has to perceive as they are, not attempting to improve them. Ability to see different sides of the problem also becomes new experience for Hagar. As she states, â€Å"how you see a thing – it depends which side of the fence you’re on† (Laurence, p. 224) May be for the first time in her life Hagar realizes that there are other people around her and these people also have feelings, thoughts and emotions. Such simple conclusion becomes a very serious breakthrough for this strong and proud woman who used to control everything and everybody during all her life. Hagar finally starts counting with the will of other people. She does several mercy deeds, which are done not because of some aesthetic value or in the attempt to make a good appearance. Hagar helps ill girl who can not get up. Later she talks to her son and tells him she loves him more than John, who died in the car accident. These actions require enormous amount of Hagar’s inner force. Simple acts of mercy are so new to her that she can not perceive them as something normal, like most of the people do. This transformation becomes the greatest accomplishment for Hagar. She lies to Marvin in the name of love. This lie is very vividly apposed to her proud refusal to lie for the sake of her dying brother many years ago. All these changes become a vivid indicator of big transformation, which happens to Hagar during the last days of her life. She finally realizes that there are things, which are more important than pride and good appearance, which have determined all her previous life. Such things as compassion, friendship and love for the first time uncover their true meaning for Hagar. The author uses the death to show the change in the perspective of the main character and to let the reader follow the person who leaves this world. From the other side new realization does not change her proud and independent nature. Hagar is still afraid and feels lonely, but she does not fight her destiny and the whole world any more. She makes her final decision to leave the world being proud and independent, like she has spent her whole life. In the last scene Hagar, dying, rejects the help of the nurse to help her drink some water. She does it herself and this usual action which we do several times a day becomes an exploit for dying woman and proves her independence and power of her spirit. Margaret Laurence has chosen a difficult topic for her novel. She depicted the last days of the old woman left alone in her world, surrounded by the memories of the past and lonely in her voluntary isolation. The author describes different stages Hagar passed before her death and analyses her emotional conditions during these stages. But we meet death several times during the novel. We see in the memories of Hagar who lost almost all her dear people but didn’t think about the death like about something which could happen to her. The death is described without embellishments and exaggerations. But ordinary and routine descriptions help to get better understanding of the death and, finally, of life. Works Cited: 1. Margaret Laurence, The Stone Angel, New Canadian Library, Toronto, 1968.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Anwar Sadats Domestic and Foreign Policies were from 1970 to 1981 Essay

The ‘Hero of the Crossing’, Anwar Sadat undoubtedly bought pride and peace to his fellow Egyptians after the rule of Nasser’s defeat and humiliation to his socialist country. His pragmatic view on the way Egypt should be ruled bought him success and failures in both the foreign and domestic policies, despite his premature death in 1981. Some saw the ‘heroic face’ of Egypt as a traitor to Pan Arabism and all that the surviving Nasserites fought for. But it cannot be denied that he placed Egypt’s foot firmly through the door of peace with the area surrounding them and internationally through his spectacular, radical commitments to making peace with Israel, following the legendary Camp David accords. Firstly, Sadat’s main aim with his foreign policies was to gain permanent peace with Israel, and on the 17th September 1978, he set it in stone at Camp David. On this date, Sadat took a bold, historic step towards peace with Israel – one which turned the back on the period of Pan Arabism that went before him it marked the beginning of the Middle East peace process, one which still holes peace between the two nations today, far beyond his reign. Sadat wanted to gain permanent peace with Israel to cut military costs and therefore boost their economy. Although Camp David had seen a momentous agreement between two very different nations, with a background of war and unrest, relations with other Arab states had detiriated. Sadat knew that bringing Palestinian problems to the table at Camp David would make Israel less likely to promise any sort of peace deal. Therefore, many states in the Middle East didn’t look too kindly upon Sadat due to the feeling of Pan Arabism, thinking he was ‘back-stabbing’ the theory. But, looking back at the concept around that time, it was relatively dead as it was fundamentally unrealistic due to the greed and selfishness still apparent in each nation. Consequently, Sadat’s peace aims were successful and the argument with the Middle East would have expired by the Camp David accords. Sadat was also the first Arab leader to enter into Jerusalem to talk about peace deals with the country. As the first person to enter into the Holy Land, he lost a lot of followers also, but his pragmatic ways taught him that making peace with Israel would cut down military costs tremendously as they would never have a war in the near future. It is clear to see that the extended effort that Sadat put into making strong bonds with Israel at the time did pay off as to this day there has been no unrest between the two countries to the current day, showing that his aim to gain permanent peace with Israel was met and he was extremely successful as later on he received a Nobel Peace Prize as being recognised internationally as making troubles end in the Middle East, troubles which Sadat thought were unnecessary. The second aim of Sadat was to improve the economic state of his country through gaining strong relations with the US and losing links with the USSR. He had to get out of Nasser’s shadow and gain independence for his country. He was very forward- thinking compared to the previous leader. He wanted to boost the economy in Egypt and he was looking towards the West for the helping hand with his domestic problem. Firstly, he expelled his Soviet advisors in 1972, which received high praise from the West. He knew that with the US’s greatest enemy out of the country, and then they would be prepared to help them out financially. His gamble finally paid off for Sadat as they eventually became one of the largest recipitants of foreign aid from the US. Sadat’s’ country could finally have private investment from the biggest nation of the world and therefore be at the foreground in the Middle East that no other country would wish to fight as they had such strong help. These investments also led to greater links with Israel as the US were both their allies now and therefore there would be no need to go to war and spend surplus amounts of their money on the military. Sadat’s domestic policy for the economy also introduced large changes to the country as he tried to step out of Nasser’s shadow once again. Sadat’s mind-set was completely different to that of Nasser, as he strived for private foreign investment and controlling inflation through fixing prices. This meant that Sadat could be sure there would be no higher wage demands and that the economy was more predictable, liberalising Egypt’s economy for the better, or so he thought. In the last years of his reign, there were a series of ‘Bread Riots’ protesting against his economic liberalisation, through the public out roar to Sadat’s lifting of prices led to his government having to take control of the prices – reversing themselves. Sadat’s economic domestic policy was very unpopular with the majority of the public – especially the Nasserites. Although there was a lot of public unrest at the time, the rich Egyptians were in favour as they were benefitting from his rule. They lapped up the foreign investment as the lack of control on basics such as bread did not affect them as much. US investment as well made lives for the rich under Sadat’s rule very good, but there was left beneath them a very widening gap between them and the poor. It cannot be disagreed that Sadat was not a large change in the regular leadership style of the Arab states in the Middle East. The greed, Pan Arabism and selfishness were not apparent in the leader as he strived for peace with Israel and other countries, boosting the economy and making greater links with the western world – all things which were unheard of in the Middle East at the time. Many people did not follow his new way of thinking, the pragmatic style did not agree with them, or was it that perhaps they were not ready for him? And that Nasser had such a large influence on the country that they were indoctrinated in a singular way of thinking, with no room left for different out looks on leadership. Evidence suggests that Sadat was not a failure, he just followed someone with such a great sway on the country that he could not lead without riots and rebellions as they did not want change. The ‘Hero of the Crossing’ was a great leader with the interests of Egypt at heart, and if only his life wasn’t cut tragically short, there could have been plenty more he could have done for the area as a whole. Â  

Comparing and Contrast curriculum models

Comparing and Contrast curriculum models In early childhood education, we model our programs after highly respected models such as, Montessori, High Scope, and Reggie Emilia, Creative Curriculum, etc. We all have our own approaches to education. In the following paragraphs I will summarize two curriculum models, compare and contrast two of the curriculum models and compare the one that best matches my own educational philosophy.High/Scope curriculum is based on Piaget's concept that children are asctive learners who construct their knowledge base through playing and experimenting ith hands-on materials (Segal, Bardige, Wolka, ; Leinfelder, 2006). This curriculum framework describes educational ideas and strategies but does not rely on a specific set of materials.The five basic principles that form the framework of the Hlgh/Scope Curriculum are active learning, supportive adult-child interactions, a materials-rich learning environment, a consistent daily routine, and ongoing child ass essment. The Hlgh/Scope educational programming Includes the following elements: a core curriculum that includes specific elements but encourages following children's nterests, a three-phase â€Å"plan-do-review† learning cycle, and assessment tools and strategies (Follarl, 2007).

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Analysis - Case Study Example Therefore, In the case of Disney, its strengths are the corporate values along with its legacy. Its weakness is financial forces. It had opportunities like having over 500 Rabbit Products while competition from other companies is the threat it has. Hence, SWOT assigns sales, management, operations, other internal strengths, and other factors like, new competitors and supplier’s bargaining power. Disney can be recommended to maximize its theme park profits and coordinate with other businesses like in advertising. The parks can be updated and expand its attraction to generate rapid profit growth and revenue. For example, including special events, media broadcast events and national television adverts. Disney businesses need to be coordinated with other corporate sponsors promotional campaigns. For example, allocation of free minute of advertising granted to Disney in The Disney Sunday Movie. The recommendations will, therefore, help Disney improve its performance. According to the SWOT analysis, maximizing theme park profits using their strengths will lead to increase of income; hence, reducing their weaknesses. Coordinating with other businesses like the TV in advertising their quality products made with Rabbit products, makes it more competitive hence, dealing with its threats. The graph fig.1 shows the corresponding earnings with price of tickets from 1983 to 2000. .Between 1983 and1987, the price of tickets increases at the parks accounted nearly $300 million. From 1988 to 2000, the price of the tickets did not increase in high figures; hence, the park did not account much in those years. Therefore, maximizing theme parks profits helps in increase of revenue as it is reflected in the years 1983 to 1987. Challenges Eisner faced like managing synergies, poor brand management and poor managing creativity led to Disney downfall. Therefore, Disney had to come up with strategies for its growth. Good

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Challenger disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Challenger disaster - Essay Example Activities carried out in programs that do not have established good house keeping conditions are also unsafe, as is the lack of maintenance of equipment. Finally, where the workers have not been prepared or have not been trained on how to respond to incidents like employee injury, fire, and spills, the working conditions are unsafe (Ohnysty 57). The training and education of the employees on the manner in which to conduct their activities in safety aids, in the minimization of exposure risks, and this is a critical element for all complete health and safety programs in the workplace. The training must involve how to carry out the activities safely, as well as ensuring that they comprehend the hazards inherent in their jobs on a day-to-day basis. It also needs to provide workers with information that covers how they should protect their fellow co-workers and themselves. However, safety is not achievable via reliability alone. Some systems in the workplace cannot be made safe from fai lure, especially where continuous availability is required. Lack of recovery procedures, fault tolerance, as well as lack of redundancy provisions, makes the activities performed in these conditions unsafe. In addition, systems in the workplace that are less sensitive for quality induced uncertainty or reliability prediction errors are also unsafe (Ohnysty 59). Finally, systems that do not have failure detection, as well as avoidance and correction of common causes of failure lead to unsafe conditions of work because of low system level reliability. 2. What responsibility did the engineers at Thiokol have to their company versus the general public and the astronauts on that flight? Understanding the code of ethics for professional technologists is a convention among professional technologists. It aids us in explaining why technologists cannot merely depend on private conscience during the practice of his/her profession (Ohnysty 68). This is in spite of how good their private conscie nce may be, which means that technologists must integrate what the engineers’ organization has to say concerning what the technologist is required to do. What the conscience tells one to do in the absence of a particular convention is not what the same conscience would tell one to do with the presence of the convention. Where the code of ethics is a morally permissible convention, it guides a technologist as to what to expect reasonably from one another. It is essential to know the code of ethics so as to know, for instance, whether as a technologist to weigh simply safety with disregard to the manager’s wishes or to give preference to safety issues against the wishes of the of the company. The code of ethics provides a guide on what to expect the other members of their profession to aid them to do. If prioritizing safety first were part of being a technologist, the technologists at Thiokol would expect their managers to support them. For instance, if the managers had asked them to think, not as technologists, but as managers, the engineer should have responded that they were there in their capacity as technologists (Ohnysty 69). This would have been the response of a technologist, although the question would arise as to whether, overall, this would have been the right thing. Technologists are not merely the members of their profession but are also persons with responsibilities and cannot escape punishment,

Monday, October 7, 2019

E-Commerce laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

E-Commerce laws - Essay Example The proper functioning of the Internal Market in electronic commerce is ensured by the Internal Market clause, which means that information society services are, in principle, subject to the law of the Member State in which the service provider is established. In turn, the Member State in which the information society service is received cannot restrict incoming services. Examples of services covered by the Directive include online information services (such as online newspapers), online selling of products and services (books, financial services and travel services), online advertising, professional services (lawyers, doctors, estate agents), entertainment services and basic intermediary services (access to the Internet and transmission and hosting of information). These services include also services provided free of charge to the recipient and funded, for example, by advertising or sponsorship. (Electronic commerce) The European Union is maintaining momentum in its efforts to regulate the Internet and electronic commerce, especially with respect to conflicts of law in cyberspace. A directive establishing a common legal framework for electronic commerce within the European Union1 E-commerce Directive) was adopted in early summer 2000, enshrining the "country of origin" principle in the on-line environment. Effectively, this principle means that an on-line retailer established in one of the European Union member states is allowed to offer e-commerce services on-line throughout the European Union as long as it meets the legal requirements of its country of domicile. However, the legal certainty established by the E-commerce Directive is already under threat. The European Commission intends to revive an idea from 1967 regarding the creation of a Council Regulation2often called Rome II Regulation. Another closely related instrument is the regulation on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (the Brussels

Saturday, October 5, 2019

What practices pay off best and under what conditions Assignment - 1

What practices pay off best and under what conditions - Assignment Example It is the consideration between the employers and themselves. It is usually a reward for a job done, directly related to the efforts applied in performance of the work. In merit pay/cost of living adjustments form of pay, the employees are paid in relation to past work behavior and cost of living (Belcher, 1996). An increase in merit is triggered by work behavior recognized in the past and the adjustments in the cost of living. The cost of living consideration raises the merit of all the employees without regard to the performance. This form of pay is mostly beneficial when the employer is assured of commitment and professional skills of the workers. This form of pay will work towards ensuring that there is low employee turn over as most appreciate that the employer is considerate enough. Adjustments of pay in relation to the cost of living encourage the employees to be loyal to the company and to increase their output. This form of pay is particularly beneficial to the employees as during harsh economic times they are assured that the employer will adjust the pay in their benefit. The pay system brings on board various groups of people and this determines what they perceive of the company or the employer. The society or the community considers job compensation often referred to as pay as a measure of justice towards the employees. It is the society’s belief that benefits extended to the employees are a reflection of the level of justice in the society. The most beneficial form of pay to the employer is the incentives or the variable pay. In this form of pay, pay rise is triggered by performance of the employees. Some of the assumptions of the variable pay method are: some employees are more productive than their peers; some perform better and are better equipped with technical skills; better performance should be rewarded; and some of the employees’ earnings should be directly proportional

Friday, October 4, 2019

Operations management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations management - Coursework Example The culinary department encompasses kitchen affairs while the rest of the departments are self explanatory given the line of duty. The supply department is one of the key departments that carry a lot of significance in having the hotel and restaurant facilities running. A hotel usually has many amenities that keep it going and these include food and drinks, toiletry amenities, bedding, furniture and kitchen cutlery. Depletion of these supplies fluctuates depending on the high and low seasons of customer inflow to the facilities. However, the Olympic Games are a unique scenario that makes a long calling for hotel facilities. Attendance to this colossal sporting event is recorded as one of the largest in the sporting history that closely competes with FIFA World Cup. In such contexts, hotel organizations are keen to ensure quality services to the expected large number of customers. Quality services entail customer satisfaction, employee etiquette and above all reliable delivery of hote l goods and amenities from various supplies that keep the running of the hotel facility alive. Supply is an aspect in the hotel industry that concerns operational management. A relationship between operations management and supply will be discussed in this paper, in addition to the factors considered in reliable hotel supply. These details will be encapsulated with various analyses of the way hotels and restaurants could ensure reliable supply to their respective requirements, and a further analysis of some operational techniques that could be employed to ensure both quality and reliability in supplies broken under various subsections in this paper. Operations Management and Supply: Techniques to be employed by Operations Management Operations management is a management area that deals with planning and product management, procedures, various business services and most importantly, supply chains. This management level, though at the management level on the management hierarchy betwe en strategic and operational levels, is considered to be the epicenter that holds most businesses. Every efficiency and profit realized in most business franchises should be attributed to this management section and especially the personnel in charge. This might be despite the attribution always being to the strategic level of most organizations. In the hotel industries, among other tasks, operations management is also tasked in ensuring reliable hotel amenities supply for the smooth flow of activities in the facility. To do this, several personality traits for the operation manager are vital to ensure efficiency and effectiveness given the delicate environment of hotel activities that revolve on service delivery and employee etiquette. These traits will ensure efficiency in service delivery that would include reliable supply delivery that has the standard quality characters. They could also describe the various techniques that hotels need to undertake in order to ensure quality in supply from suppliers (Stevenson, 2008). The first trait that the operation manager should contain is leadership. This trait might seem a little bit general, but in the real sense, it has more than is defined by the first impression. Leadership entails the authority to spread influence among a team of subordinates and peers in a given context of society, either in work or other general scenarios. Qualities that may be exhibited by prominent leaders include trustworthy,